A Deep Learning Modeling Framework to Capture Mixing Patterns in Reactive-Transport Systems

Prediction and control of chemical mixing are vital for many scientific areas such as subsurface reactive transport, climate modeling, combustion, epidemiology, and pharmacology. Due to the complex nature of mixing in heterogeneous and anisotropic media, the mathematical models related to this phenomenon are not analytically tractable. Numerical simulations often provide a viable route to predict chemical mixing accurately. However, contemporary modeling approaches for mixing cannot utilize available spatial-temporal data to improve the accuracy of the future prediction and can be compute-intensive, especially when the spatial domain is large and for long-term temporal predictions. To address this knowledge gap, we will present in this paper a deep learning (DL) modeling framework applied to predict the progress of chemical mixing under fast bimolecular reactions. This framework uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) for capturing spatial patterns and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for forecasting temporal variations in mixing. By careful design of the framework—placement of non-negative constraint on the weights of the CNN and the selection of activation function, the framework ensures non-negativity of the chemical species at all spatial points and for all times. Our DL-based framework is fast, accurate, and requires minimal data for training. The time needed to obtain a forecast using the model is a fraction ($≈ \mathcal{O}(10^{−6}))$ of the time needed to obtain the result using a high-fidelity simulation. To achieve an error of 10% (measured using the infinity norm) for capturing local-scale mixing features such as interfacial mixing, only 24% to 32% of the sequence data for model training is required. To achieve the same level of accuracy for capturing global-scale mixing features, the sequence data required for model training is 64% to 70% of the total spatial-temporal data. Hence, the proposed approach—a fast and accurate way to forecast long-time spatial-temporal mixing patterns in heterogeneous and anisotropic media—will be a valuable tool for modeling reactive-transport in a wide range of applications.     

复方斑蝥注射液联合放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效及不良反应

目的:探讨复方斑蝥注射液联合放化疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌治疗中的应用价值。方法:以我中心2015年7月至2017年4月收治的157例初治局部晚期鼻咽癌患者为研究对象,将其随机分为试验组79例与对照组78例。试验组患者采用复方斑蝥注射液联合同步放化疗,对照组患者行常规同步放化疗治疗。收集临床资料,比较两组患者治疗期间相关不良反应发生率、机体免疫功能变化和近期疗效情况。结果:试验组与对照组的CR、PR、SD、PD差异无统计学意义（P=0.269＞0.05）,近期有效率（CR+PR）差异存在统计学意义（P=0.001）,试验组较优于对照组;进一步分析两组患者的4级不良反应发生率存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）,两组患者治疗前后CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+、CD8+、CD19+淋巴细胞计数下降,试验组较对照组下降趋势缓和。结论:局部晚期鼻咽癌在规范抗肿瘤治疗过程中给予复方斑蝥注射液治疗可降低患者治疗期间严重不良反应的发生率,对机体免疫功能可能有一定的保护作用,并在一定程度上可辅助提高疗效,需开展多中心、大样本临床研究进一步证实。     

深圳市某区低学龄儿童血脂异常与血清中铅和镉浓度的关系

目的： 探讨深圳市某区低学龄儿童血脂异常与血清中重金属铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）浓度的关联性,为儿童血脂异常防治提供依据。方法： 采用整群抽样,抽取深圳市某区19所小学的一年级儿童对其进行血液生化检查和生活方式问卷调查。选择其中血脂异常的儿童（n=663）作为实验组,并随机抽取健康儿童作为对照组（n=663）。按照年龄±0.5岁、同性别进行1∶1匹配,采用电感耦合等离子体法（ICP-MS）检测两组儿童血清中的Pb、Cd浓度。结果： 血脂异常组儿童血清中Pb、Cd浓度分别为133.08和0.45 μg/L,均高于健康对照组的84.19和0.29 μg/L（P<0.05）。条件Logistic回归显示,经校正协变量后,血清Pb[OR=2.52,95% CI（1.66,3.83）]和Cd[OR=4.31,95% CI（2.73,6.82）]浓度与儿童血脂异常的风险增加有关,且呈现剂量反应关系（P_trend<0.01）。结论： 深圳市某区低学龄儿童血脂代谢异常与血清铅、镉浓度的增加风险有关,提示需关注低龄儿童的血清中重金属浓度,预防儿童的慢性病,促进健康。     

局部中晚期宫颈癌宫旁插植放疗的临床疗效观察

目的探讨腔内联合宫旁插植治疗(IC/ISBT)和腔内后装治疗(ICBT)对局部晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效。方法选取经体外照射放疗(50 Gy/25 f)后肿瘤消退不明显且宫旁受侵的局部晚期(ⅡB~ⅢB期)宫颈癌患者100例。采用随机数字表法将患者分为ICBT组和IC/ISBT组,每组50例。然后进行CT,将图像传至Oncentra Brachy Therapy计划系统,行靶区勾画,采用模拟退火逆向优化方式进行计划设计,比较ICBT组和IC/ISBT组患者的近期疗效、肿瘤复发或转移率、并发症发生率。结果IC/ISBT组患者的完全缓解(CR)率为96.0%,高于ICBT组的88.0%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);IC/ISBT组患者的客观缓解率(ORR)为98.0%,高于ICBT组的92.0%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。IC/ISBT组患者的肿瘤复发或转移率为4.0%,低于ICBT组的16.0%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。IC/ISBT组患者放射性皮炎的发生率为38.0%,与ICBT组的42.0%比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);IC/ISBT组患者放射性直肠炎的发生率为14.0%,低于ICBT组的32.0%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);IC/ISBT组患者放射性膀胱炎的发生率为30.0%,与ICBT组的28.0%比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论对外照射后肿瘤消退不明显、宫旁受侵的局部晚期宫颈癌患者采用IC/ISBT治疗方式,可取得较好的宫旁控制率和近期疗效,且能够降低放射性直肠炎的发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

Determination of heavy metals in albumen of hen eggs from the Markazi Province (Iran) using ICP-OES technique

Increase of distribution of environmental contaminants such as heavy metals have been caused the knowledge of the safety and hygiene of food is very important, especially eggs, because of its role in the daily diet. There are very few studies about the investigation of the heavy metal contents in egg-white. In this study, six heavy metals include Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Antimony (Sb) in egg-white from 32 industrial poultry farms were investigated, by ICP-OES. All the samples were collected in all area of Markazi Province, Iran in autumn 2013. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in egg-white as follows: 0.119 for Al, 0.785 for As, 0.750 for Pb, 0.249 for Cd, 0.270 for Hg and 0.186?mg/kg for Sb. Also, the concentration of the some heavy metals were higher than maximum allowable concentration that probably it is associated to use pesticides and activities of industrial factories around the poultry farms.     

Sarcolipin and phospholamban as regulators of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase

The cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) plays a critical role in maintaining the intracellular calcium homeostasis during cardiac contraction and relaxation. It has been well documented over the years that altered expression and activity of SERCA2a can lead to systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The activity of SERCA2a is regulated by two structurally similar proteins, phospholamban (PLB) and sarcolipin (SLN). Although, the relevance of PLB has been extensively studied over the years, the role SLN in cardiac physiology is an emerging field of study. This review focuses on the advances in the understanding of the regulation of SERCA2a by SLN and PLB. In particular, it highlights the similarities and differences between the two proteins and their roles in cardiac patho-physiology.     

Consumption of Mental Health Services by People with Intellectual Disabilities

Background Although research is starting to identify those factors that predict contact with mental health services in individuals with intellectual disabilities, very little is known about the patterns of service use following referral. Yet, this information is vital for effective service planning and development. We therefore examined the factors associated with service consumption. Methods We constructed a service consumption index based on the number of outpatient clinics attended, contacts with the community psychiatric nurses, home visits by a psychiatrist and the number of admissions. This consumption index was used to divide the sample (n = 115) into two groups: heavy and light service users. Results and conclusions Logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for the length of service contact, individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder and those with a greater number of affective/neurotic symptoms were more likely to be heavy service users. Age, living situation and the degree of intellectual disabilities were not found to be significant predictors of service consumption. The results also suggest that a small proportion of service users consumed almost half of the service resources.     

5-氮胞苷对培养大鼠骨髓基质细胞β肌球蛋白重链表达的影响 骨髓干细胞移植与心肌修复的相关效应

目的研究5-氮胞苷(5-AZ)对体外培养大鼠骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)中心肌特异性β肌球蛋白重链(β-MHC)表达的影响,探讨骨髓基质细胞向心肌样细胞分化的条件。方法体外分离培养大鼠BMSC,用不同浓度5-AZ诱导培养,以RT-PCR方法测定诱导前后β-MHC的表达。结果正常培养大鼠BMSC不表达β-MHC。经5-AZ诱导24h并继续培养后,BMSC表达β-MHC,第1～4周内由1.89±0.37增至16.41±3.63(t=0.495～5.446,P<0.01=;(1×10-7)～(1×10-5)mol/L5-AZ使β-MHC的表达由7.30±1.77增至16.28±3.72(t=0.442～2.669,P<0.01)。结论5-AZ诱导体外培养大鼠BMSC表达心肌特异性β-MHC,与诱导时间及浓度呈正相关,提示可诱导大鼠BMSC向心肌样细胞分化。     

CT引导射频消融术治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期临床疗效观察

目的探讨CT引导射频消融术治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的近期临床疗效。方法2010年6月—2013年6月期间收治的100例晚期NSCLC患者,随机将其分成对照组和观察组,每组患者各50例,其中对照组患者给予同步放化疗治疗,观察组患者给予CT引导射频消融术（RFA）治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后CT值改善情况、体力状况改善情况以及术后并发症情况。结果观察组患者疾病缓解率（86.0%）明显高于对照组（52.0%）（P＜0.05）、治疗后CT值（14.1±3.9）HU明显低于对照组患者（29.8±4.7）HU（P＜0.05）、体力改善率（66.0%）明显高于对照组患者（44.0%）（P＜0.05）;观察组患者术后肺部感染、胸痛、发热、胸腔积液以及胃肠道反应发生率均明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 CT引导RFA能够提高晚期NSCLC患者的临床治疗效果,改善患者的生存质量,且安全性高,创伤小,值得临床推广应用。     

Heat‐Stress effects on the myosin heavy chain phenotype of rat soleus fibers during the early stages of regeneration

Introduction: We investigated heat‐stress effects on the adult myosin heavy chain (MyHC) profile of soleus muscle fibers at an early stage of regeneration. Methods: Regenerating fibers in adult rats were analyzed 2, 4, or 6 days after bupivacaine injection. Rats were heat stressed by immersion in water (42 ± 1°C) for 30 minutes 24 hours after bupivacaine injection and every other day thereafter. Results: No adult MyHC isoforms were observed after 2 days, whereas some fibers expressed only fast MyHC after 4 days. Heat stress increased fast and slow MyHC in regenerating fibers after 6 days. Regenerating fibers expressing only slow MyHC were observed only in heat‐stressed muscles. Bupivacaine injection increased the number of Pax7⁺ and MyoD⁺ satellite cells in regenerating fibers, more so in heat‐stressed rats. Conclusion: The results indicate that heat stress accelerates fast‐to‐slow MyHC phenotype conversion in regenerating fibers via activation of satellite cells. Muscle Nerve 52 : 1047–1056, 2015